The existing literature examining the correlates of depression in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by inconsistent results. The aim of the current study was to replicate and extend the literature by exploring whether various clinical and demographic factors are related to the occurrence of depression in a large sample (N = 243) of individuals with OCD (M age = 33.00; SD = 12.47; 74% female). Individuals with OCD who had elevated comorbid depressive symptoms [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9) ≥10] scored significantly higher on all OCD symptom subtypes (p range < .001-.048), had greater obsessive and compulsive severity (ps < .001), scored higher on perfectionism (p < .001), and had higher disgust sensitivity and propensity scores (ps < .001) compared with individuals who did not have comorbid depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10). Of these variables, obsession severity (β = 0.22, p = .004), OCD contamination subtype (β = 0.16, p = .032) and perfectionism (β = 0.25, p < .001) were found to be associated with depressive symptoms on the PHQ-9. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of factors which are associated with depression comorbidity in individuals with OCD.

BACKGROUND: Chronic headache greatly affects the quality of life and also constitutes a significant burden on the health system.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of telephone-based follow-up in a cohort of headache patients in India.
METHODS: This was a longitudinal cohort study of patients with episodic headache with one physical visit in the neurology outpatient services in the last year. Two neurologists conducted the telephone follow up (TFU) of included patients 12 weeks apart. We evaluated the following: (1) objective characterization of headache, (2) coexistent depression and anxiety, (3) patient satisfaction, (4) treatment adherence, and (5) changes in medications.
RESULTS: A total of 214 out of 274 eligible patients were included in the cohort. The mean age was 31.74 ± 7.77 years (18-45), and 164 (77%) were females. Migraine without aura was the most common diagnosis in 159 (74%). The mean disease duration was 78.01 ± 70.15 months (8-360). Concurrent depression and anxiety were noted in 87 (40.6%) and 45 (21%) of the patients, respectively. There was a significant improvement in the headache frequency (23.82 vs. 1.06, P < 0.001), severity (7.21 vs. 2.62, P = 0.032), and Headache Impact 6-item score (58.12 vs. 38.01, P = 0.014) at baseline and second follow-up. The satisfaction level to TFU in the first and second interviews was 94.4% and 97.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Telephone-based follow-up is a feasible alternative for repeat outpatient consultation of headache patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Depression is a common illness, it being the fourth-leading cause of disability in the world. The global lifetime prevalence falls between 8% and 12%, with female preponderance. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the burden of depression among married women in a rural setting in North Kerala and identify its sociodemographic risk factors. The sample size was calculated to be 453 (prevalence = 24.9%; error = 20%; design-effect = 1.5). Systematic random sampling was used to select the participants from the eligible couple register. They were interviewed using MINI and Montgomery-Ashberg Depression Rating Scales. Descriptive analysis showed that 24.2% was suffering from current depression, mostly mild and none severe. Two percent reported past depression and 5.4% experienced spousal violence. Poor family support, experience of domestic violence, morbidity, and older spouses were found to be significant risk factors. The provision of mental health services by trained personnel and strict vigilance against the marriage of girls below the legal age and domestic violence are need of the hour.

The study of neurological symptoms and signs connected with neoplasms and antitumor therapy is relevant in the context of an increasing prevalence of cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic and social factors have increased the number of patients suffering from insomnia. Sleep disorders is an unfavorable prognostic factor for neoplasms. The review presents risk factors and mechanisms of sleep disturbance, their relationship with inflammation and dysfunction of the immune system in cancer. In particular, dysfunction of the melatonergic system is discussed as a risk factor for the development of insomnia and cancer. The relevance of developing measures aimed at the rehabilitation of patients in order to restore normal sleep, which plays a fundamental role in maintaining a person\'s mental and physical health, is emphasized.
В условиях увеличения распространенности онкологических заболеваний актуально изучение неврологических симптомов и признаков, ассоциированных с новообразованиями и проводимой по поводу них терапии. Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) и социальные факторы способствовали увеличению числа пациентов, страдающих от бессонницы, которая является неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором при новообразованиях. В обзоре представлены факторы риска и механизмы нарушения сна, их связь с воспалением и дисфункцией иммунной системы при онкологических заболеваниях. В частности, обсуждается нарушение функции мелатонинергической системы как фактор риска развития бессонницы и онкологических заболеваний. Подчеркнута актуальность разработки мероприятий, направленных на реабилитацию пациентов с целью восстановления нормального сна, который играет фундаментальную роль в поддержании психического и физического здоровья человека.

OBJECTIVE: To study the features of the manifestation of insomnia and its impact on the condition and quality of life in patients with chronic tension-type headache.
METHODS: The study included 65 patients with chronic tension-type headache and insomnia. Patients filled out questionnaires on headache severity, sleep quality, emotional status and quality of life. Seventeen patients underwent polysomnography.
RESULTS: Patients with more severe insomnia had significantly more severe anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p=0.025). Such patients assessed their quality of life worse according to the SF-12 questionnaire (p<0.002) and the Subjective Well-Being Scale (p<0.001), a higher level of central sensitization was observed in patients with more severe insomnia (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The negative impact of insomnia on the condition of patients is not so much an increase in pain as such, but rather its influence on the quality of the emotional state and life in general, as well as an increase in the interdependence and mutual influence of other clinical and psychophysiological manifestations of the disease. Therefore, the clinical significance of insomnia is the deterioration of a person\'s ability to tolerate pain, which is the main prerequisite for a decrease in quality of life.
UNASSIGNED: Изучить особенности проявления инсомнии и ее влияния на состояние и качество жизни у пациентов с хронической головной болью напряжения.
UNASSIGNED: В исследование включены 65 пациентов с хронической головной болью напряжения и инсомнией. Пациенты заполняли опросники по выраженности головной боли, качеству сна, эмоциональному статусу и качеству жизни. Семнадцати пациентам проведена полисомнография.
UNASSIGNED: У пациентов с более тяжелой инсомнией статистически значимо более выражены тревога (p<0,001) и депрессия (p=0,025). Такие пациенты хуже оценивали качество жизни по опросникам SF-12 (p<0,002) и шкале субъективного благополучия (p<0,001), более высокий уровень центральной сенситизации выявлен у пациентов с выраженной инсомнией (p<0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Негативное влияние инсомнии на состояние пациентов состоит в усилении не столько боли как таковой, сколько ее влияния на качество эмоционального состояния и жизни в целом, а также в усилении взаимозависимости и взаимовлияния других клинических и психофизиологических проявлений болезни. Следовательно, клиническое значение инсомнии состоит в ухудшении способности пациента переносить боль, что является основной предпосылкой для снижения качества жизни.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Considering the importance of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), peripheral blood biomarkers are promising for the prediction of diagnosis and treatment outcomes. We aimed to elucidate the neuroinflammatory pathophysiology of depression by evaluating serum levels of FAM19A5 as a new biomarker of inflammatory activation, proinflammatory cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and oxidative stress parameters.
METHODS: Adolescents diagnosed with first-episode drug-naive MDD (n = 35) were compared neurobiologically healthy control group (n = 33). Serum FAM19A5 levels, cytokine levels, BDNF and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. All participants were assessed with the Level-2 Depression Severity Scale, Sleep Disturbance Scale, Somatic Symptom Scale.
RESULTS: BDNF levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. While BDNF showed a positive correlation with all scale scores; BDNF was significantly higher in the suicide risk groups than the control group. IL-1β levels displayed a negative correlation with the severity of sleep disturbances.
CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents with MDD, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were not raised in peripheral blood, unlike in adults. However, BDNF levels, which typically decrease in neurodegenerative conditions, were higher in those with MDD.

暂无摘要。

The cognitive distortion scale (CDS) is a self-rated measure to assess the degree of cognitive distortion which is 10 thinking errors commonly seen in depression. However, there is no scale to measure 10 types cognitive distortions specific to depression in Japan. Therefore, this study translated the CDS into Japanese (CDS-J), and examined its factor structure, validity, and reliability in a Japanese population. A total of 237 healthy individuals and 39 individuals with depression participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the appropriateness of the CDS-J\'s 10-factor structure. Regarding convergent validity, CDS-J was significantly correlated with dysfunctional attitudes, negative automatic thoughts, and depression. Regarding discriminant validity, the CDS-J showed no significant correlation with positive automatic thoughts. The total CDS-J scores of the healthy participants and of those with major depression were compared. The results showed significant differences between groups. Finally, the CDS-J was found to have a high test-retest reliability. Therefore, the CDS-J is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive distortions in Japan.

While early childhood educators\' mental health is important, it may also affect the well-being and education of their students. Yet, little research has described the stress and stressors of early childhood educators (ECEs), particularly as the pandemic wanes. This pilot study aimed to (1) describe ECEs\' psychological and physiological stress and (2) examine the association between ECEs\' psychological and physiological stress levels with stressors. A convenience sample of 67 ECEs, serving children 0-5 years old from 13 early educational centers completed surveys on psychological stress (perceived stress, anxiety, and depression), stressors (economic hardship, food insecurity, adverse childhood experiences), and demographics in Fall 2021. A subsample of ECEs provided hair samples, analyzed for cortisol, to estimate physiologic stress. Regarding stress, 63% met the criteria for major depressive disorder and 41% for generalized anxiety disorder. Only 26% were taking medications to manage mental health. About 25% experienced the stressors of food insecurity and economic hardship; 80% experienced at least one adverse childhood experience. Only education level significantly predicted perceived stress and depression - above and beyond stressors, household income, race, and age. The results have policy and practice implications for implementing evidence-based solutions to buffer stress and stressors in early childhood educators.